One study, its results and limitations.
In 249 eyes, Kane had the lowest absolute error and four modern formulas generally outperformed traditional methods; EVO and Barrett performed better in long eyes.
doi: 10.1155/joph/6375056In a multicenter database, modern formulas outperformed Haigis-L and Shammas-PL, while versions using posterior corneal curvature were more accurate than corresponding no-PCC methods.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2026.07.059In an independent 275-eye validation set, selecting formulas by AL, K and ACD reduced mean absolute error to 0.24 D and placed 89.1% within ±0.50 D.
doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000002055In a prospective 114-eye cohort, both versions produced similar binocular vision from distance to near, while halo burden remained an important limitation.
doi: 10.1155/joph/3788361In 804 eyes, a toric IOL reduced mean residual cylinder by 0.05 D but did not improve overall uncorrected or corrected vision.
doi: 10.1007/s40123-026-01483-1In 30 eyes with high myopia, keratoconus or previous keratoplasty, endothelial cell loss reached 11.41% over five years.
doi: 10.32725/jab.2026.004Nine studies covering 1,187 eyes found similar visual and major safety outcomes, while toric ICL showed better rotational stability.
doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000002008In a retrospective series of 714 eyes, 98% were within ±0.50 D of target; cataract occurred in 0.42% and rotation over 5° in 2.52% of eyes.
doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_90_26In a 120-eye trial, the 13×11 mm ring better stabilized the IOL and more often achieved posterior capsule contact, but study power was only 61%.
doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20251125-05In 59 eyes after secondary Yamane fixation, EVO, Barrett, Hoffer Q and SRK/T did not differ in accuracy; every formula showed directional myopic prediction error.
doi: 10.1186/s12886-026-04934-2