One study, its results and limitations.
In 98 eyes with a capsular tension ring, Barrett Universal II and Holladay II had lower absolute error, but all four formulas showed a mild hyperopic shift.
doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.33338In a 325-eye series, O Formula had lower error than four contemporary formulas, but did not differ significantly from SRK/T and was tested at one center.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.08.049Across 271 short eyes, EVO and Holladay 1 had the lowest overall mean error, while Haigis, K6, Kane and PEARL-DGS led in particular axial-length ranges.
doi: 10.1007/s00417-026-07505-9In a nonrandomized study, EDOF and mix-and-match performed better at intermediate distance, while bifocal and mix-and-match performed better on corrected near testing.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0341136In a 141-eye series, Aspire and Aspire Toric produced good distance and intermediate results, but no control group allowed comparison with a standard monofocal IOL.
doi: 10.1007/s40123-026-01473-3In a single-center trial, Clareon T2 reduced residual cylinder and improved uncorrected vision, but did not change contrast performance at three months.
doi: 10.3389/fopht.2026.1755069In a retrospective 70-eye comparison, residual astigmatism was 0.13 D lower with femtosecond capsular marking, but treatment groups were not randomized.
doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3062_25In a 2,550-eye retrospective multicenter dataset, Moussa had the lowest mean absolute error, but its margin over the closest formulas was measured in hundredths of a diopter.
doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000002079In a 47-eye series, flanged intrascleral fixation of the existing bag–IOL complex improved vision, but five eyes required secondary surgery.
doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001923In a small randomized trial, overall visual-function and satisfaction measures did not differ across three trifocal IOLs; one intermediate-vision item was exploratory.
doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2566_25